Java数组实现循环队列
上一节(Java实现队列——顺序队列、链式队列)我们使用数组实现了顺序队列,但是在tail == n
时会有数据搬移操作,这样入队操作性能就会受到影响。这里我们使用循环队列的解决思路。
循环队列
顾名思义,首尾相连就形成了循环队列,如下图所示:
实现循环队列最关键的部分是确定队列何时为空何时满。在用数组实现的非循环队列中,队满的判断条件是tail == n,队空的判断条件是head == tail。在循环队列中,队列为空的判断条件仍然是head == tail,但队列满的判断条件有所更改,是( tail + 1 ) % capacity == head
。
另外一点需要注意的是,当队列满时,tail指针指向的位置实际上是没有存储数据的,所以会浪费一个数组的存储空间。
代码实现如下:
public class CircularQueue implements QueueInterface {
private String[] values;// 容器
private int capacity = 0;// 容量
// head 表示队头下标,tail表示对尾下标
private int head = 0;
private int tail = 0;
public CircularQueue(int capacity) {
values = new String[capacity];
this.capacity = capacity;
}
@Override
public Boolean enqueue(String value) {
// 队列满了
if ((tail + 1) % capacity == head) {
return false;
}
values[tail] = value;
tail = (tail + 1) % capacity;
return true;
}
@Override
public String dequeue() {
// 如果head == tail 表示队列为空
if (head == tail) {
return null;
}
String ret = values[head];
head = (head + 1) % capacity;
return ret;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "CircularQueue{" +
"values=" + Arrays.toString(values) +
", capacity=" + capacity +
", head=" + head +
", tail=" + tail +
'}';
}
}
测试代码:
CircularQueue cq = new CircularQueue(10);
System.out.println(cq);
System.out.println();
//正常添加的数据
System.out.println("正常添加的数据:");
for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
System.out.println("cq.enqueue():" + cq.enqueue("" + i + i + i));
System.out.println(cq);
}
System.out.println();
// 队列满了以后添加数据
System.out.println("队列满了以后添加数据:");
System.out.println("cq.enqueue():" + cq.enqueue("aaa"));
System.out.println(cq);
System.out.println();
// 清空队列
System.out.println("清空队列:");
for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
System.out.println("cq.dequeue():" + cq.dequeue());
System.out.println(cq);
}
System.out.println();
// 队列清空以后,继续清空
System.out.println("队列清空以后,继续清空:");
System.out.println("cq.dequeue():" + cq.dequeue());
System.out.println(cq);
输出结果:符合期望
CircularQueue{values=[null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null], capacity=10, head=0, tail=0}
正常添加的数据:
cq.enqueue():true
CircularQueue{values=[000, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null], capacity=10, head=0, tail=1}
cq.enqueue():true
CircularQueue{values=[000, 111, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null], capacity=10, head=0, tail=2}
cq.enqueue():true
CircularQueue{values=[000, 111, 222, null, null, null, null, null, null, null], capacity=10, head=0, tail=3}
cq.enqueue():true
CircularQueue{values=[000, 111, 222, 333, null, null, null, null, null, null], capacity=10, head=0, tail=4}
cq.enqueue():true
CircularQueue{values=[000, 111, 222, 333, 444, null, null, null, null, null], capacity=10, head=0, tail=5}
cq.enqueue():true
CircularQueue{values=[000, 111, 222, 333, 444, 555, null, null, null, null], capacity=10, head=0, tail=6}
cq.enqueue():true
CircularQueue{values=[000, 111, 222, 333, 444, 555, 666, null, null, null], capacity=10, head=0, tail=7}
cq.enqueue():true
CircularQueue{values=[000, 111, 222, 333, 444, 555, 666, 777, null, null], capacity=10, head=0, tail=8}
cq.enqueue():true
CircularQueue{values=[000, 111, 222, 333, 444, 555, 666, 777, 888, null], capacity=10, head=0, tail=9}
队列满了以后添加数据:
cq.enqueue():false
CircularQueue{values=[000, 111, 222, 333, 444, 555, 666, 777, 888, null], capacity=10, head=0, tail=9}
清空队列:
cq.dequeue():000
CircularQueue{values=[000, 111, 222, 333, 444, 555, 666, 777, 888, null], capacity=10, head=1, tail=9}
cq.dequeue():111
CircularQueue{values=[000, 111, 222, 333, 444, 555, 666, 777, 888, null], capacity=10, head=2, tail=9}
cq.dequeue():222
CircularQueue{values=[000, 111, 222, 333, 444, 555, 666, 777, 888, null], capacity=10, head=3, tail=9}
cq.dequeue():333
CircularQueue{values=[000, 111, 222, 333, 444, 555, 666, 777, 888, null], capacity=10, head=4, tail=9}
cq.dequeue():444
CircularQueue{values=[000, 111, 222, 333, 444, 555, 666, 777, 888, null], capacity=10, head=5, tail=9}
cq.dequeue():555
CircularQueue{values=[000, 111, 222, 333, 444, 555, 666, 777, 888, null], capacity=10, head=6, tail=9}
cq.dequeue():666
CircularQueue{values=[000, 111, 222, 333, 444, 555, 666, 777, 888, null], capacity=10, head=7, tail=9}
cq.dequeue():777
CircularQueue{values=[000, 111, 222, 333, 444, 555, 666, 777, 888, null], capacity=10, head=8, tail=9}
cq.dequeue():888
CircularQueue{values=[000, 111, 222, 333, 444, 555, 666, 777, 888, null], capacity=10, head=9, tail=9}
队列清空以后,继续清空:
cq.dequeue():null
CircularQueue{values=[000, 111, 222, 333, 444, 555, 666, 777, 888, null], capacity=10, head=9, tail=9}
完整代码请查看
项目中搜索SingleLinkedList即可。
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